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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However, frequent irregular...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease.

Jarett D Berry1, Alan Dyer, Xuan Cai

  • 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Dallas, USA.

The New England Journal of Medicine
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Lifetime cardiovascular disease risks differ significantly by risk factor profile in Black and White adults. Managing risk factors like blood pressure and cholesterol is crucial for reducing long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

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Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not well-established across all age groups for Black and White adults.
  • Understanding these disparities is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the age spectrum in Black and White adults.
  • To analyze how cardiovascular disease risk factors influence these lifetime risks.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 18 cohort studies with 257,384 participants (Black and White men and women).
  • Risk factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, diabetes) were assessed at ages 45, 55, 65, and 75.
  • Lifetime risks of cardiovascular events were estimated, accounting for competing risks of death.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in lifetime CVD risk were observed based on risk factor profiles.
  • Individuals with optimal risk factors at age 55 had substantially lower CVD death risk by age 80 compared to those with multiple risk factors (e.g., 4.7% vs. 29.6% for men).
  • Similar trends were consistent across racial groups and birth cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Risk factor burden strongly influences lifetime cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • These disparities in CVD risk are consistent across racial groups and birth cohorts.
  • Effective risk factor management can significantly alter lifetime CVD risk trajectories.