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Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats
09:11

Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats

Published on: September 17, 2014

[Cell based therapy for patients after cerebral embolism].

Akihiko Taguchi1, Kozue Saito, Katsufumi Kajimoto

  • 1Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.

Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for stroke recovery. Early results show no adverse effects, with a high-dose group now being evaluated for safety and effectiveness in patients with cerebral embolism.

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Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion
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Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion

Published on: July 5, 2024

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats
09:11

Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for Ischemic Stroke with Homologous Blood Clots in Rats

Published on: September 17, 2014

Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion
03:37

Cerebral Ischemic Coma Model Induced by Modified Four-Vessel Occlusion

Published on: July 5, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Clinical Neurology

Context:

  • Cerebral infarction triggers neuronal stem cell mobilization.
  • Therapeutic angiogenesis supports stem cells, enhancing neurological recovery in experimental stroke models.
  • Cell-based therapy offers a promising avenue for post-stroke recovery.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients following cerebral embolism.
  • To conduct a phase 1/2a clinical trial assessing low-dose and high-dose cell therapy.
  • To explore the potential of stem cell support for neurological recovery after stroke.

Summary:

  • A phase 1/2a clinical trial administered autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells to 6 patients with cerebral embolism at a low dose (25 ml bone marrow harvest) without adverse effects.
  • The trial is currently recruiting 6 additional patients for a high-dose group (50 ml bone marrow harvest).
  • The study will assess the overall safety and effectiveness of this cell-based therapy in 12 patients.

Impact:

  • This research could establish a novel, safe, and effective cell-based therapeutic strategy for stroke patients.
  • Findings may advance the understanding of stem cell behavior and therapeutic potential in the context of ischemic brain injury.
  • Successful outcomes could pave the way for larger clinical trials and improved patient rehabilitation after cerebral embolism.