Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

Obtaining 3D Chemical Maps by Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography
Published on: June 9, 2018
[Examination of the optimum condition that determines contamination for three-dimensions chemical shift imaging]
Chie Kikuchi1, Mitsuhiro Inoue
1Department of Radiology, Sekishinkai Shinryoku Neurosurgery.
Abstract:
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a useful tool for obtaining metabolic information non-invasively. However, low reducibility of MRS data, measuring biases caused by the operator, effects of relaxation time, and environmental contamination may sometimes become problematic. In this study, we examined contamination in echo time (TE) and the availability of outer volume suppression (OVS) by using the excitation and localization methods. In addition, we investigated the optimized condition for three-dimensions (3D)-chemical shift imaging (CSI) in gliomas. Contamination was dependent on resolution in the excitation and localization methods and on CSI resolution, but it was not dependent on TE. The additional installation of OVS and saturation pulse (SAT) corresponding to the target sites were extremely useful. There was concern about the influence of chemical shift, crosstalk, contamination, and no radio frequency (RF) uniformity in the marginal volume of interest (VOI). Metabolite distribution was deteriorated along the Z-axis but not in the X-Y plane. It, however, was improved by using a small voxel size in the Z-axis.
Related Concept Videos
NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview
For instance, the proton...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction
Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

