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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

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Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders
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[Sleep-disordered breathing and atrial fibrillation].

T Penzel1, S Sogorski, J Zelmer

  • 1CharitéCentrum für Herz-, Kreislauf- und Gefäßmedizin (CC11), Charité Campus Mitte, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. thomas.penzel@charite.de

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to atrial fibrillation recurrence. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may reduce relapse rates in OSA patients, but more research is needed.

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Published on: February 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is a prevalent condition.
  • OSA is recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.
  • A significant association exists between OSA and atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia.

Purpose:

  • To review the association between OSA and atrial fibrillation.
  • To discuss the impact of untreated OSA on rhythm control strategies in AF patients.
  • To explore the potential role of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in managing AF recurrence in OSA patients.

Summary:

  • Clinical studies demonstrate a strong link between OSA and AF, though causality is not yet proven.
  • Untreated OSA appears to increase the risk of failed rhythm control and higher recurrence rates after cardioversion in AF patients.
  • CPAP therapy for OSA may decrease AF relapse rates, but robust clinical trial data with defined endpoints are lacking.
  • Diagnostic approaches including sleep medicine interviews and polysomnography are recommended for suspected sleep-disordered breathing.

Impact:

  • Highlights the importance of diagnosing and treating OSA in patients with atrial fibrillation.
  • Suggests CPAP therapy as a potential adjunctive treatment to improve rhythm control in AF patients with OSA.
  • Underscores the need for further randomized controlled trials to establish definitive evidence on CPAP's efficacy in reducing AF recurrence.