Successful treatment of childhood hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia

Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is extremely rare in childhood. We report on a 7-year-old girl with hypocellular AML who was treated successfully with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and combined chemotherapy. High-dose G-CSF induced complete remission and she subsequently received reduced intensity conditioning and unrelated cord blood transplantation; however, this resulted in early rejection. After a complete hematological recovery, she received 3 courses of combination chemotherapy oriented toward AML. She has remained in complete remission for over 1 year after the completion of the therapy. G-CSF effectively induced remission, and combination chemotherapy has been proven to be feasible for patients with childhood hypocellular AML.