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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)01:15

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)

This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
Prepare for the Procedure:
Sites for measuring blood pressure01:21

Sites for measuring blood pressure

Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Obstetric brachial plexus injury.

Mukund R Thatte1, Rujuta Mehta

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, India.

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) affects newborns, with many requiring surgical intervention for optimal recovery. Early evaluation by a specialized hand surgeon is crucial for favorable outcomes in affected children.

Keywords:
Birth brachial plexus injuryobstetric palsyprimary surgery

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Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
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Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
06:51

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI), or birth brachial plexus injury (BBPI), is a common newborn condition.
  • While some infants experience spontaneous recovery, a significant number require surgical treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, surgical indications, and outcomes of OBPI.
  • To emphasize the importance of early intervention and specialized care for affected infants.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of peer-reviewed publications on OBPI.
  • Inclusion of extensive clinical experience from the authors over 15 years.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of OBPI causes and surgical indications for primary nerve surgery and secondary reconstruction.
  • Positive outcomes reported for nerve surgery, with significant benefits for children undergoing intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Early surgical intervention and specialized care by hand surgeons can lead to good results in OBPI cases.
  • Secondary surgeries are effective for addressing shoulder, elbow, and hand issues in children with OBPI.