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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
09:18

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Published on: February 24, 2023

Synovitis in spondyloarthritides.

Heiner Appel1, Jürgen Braun

  • 1Charité Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Germany.

The Open Rheumatology Journal
|January 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation in spondyloarthritides primarily affects bone marrow and entheses, not synovitis. This review explores the role of synovitis in these inflammatory joint diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Orthopedics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Spondyloarthritides (SpA) are inflammatory joint diseases.
  • Recent MRI studies highlight subchondral bone marrow and entheses as primary inflammation sites in SpA.
  • Histopathology confirms osteitis at the bone-cartilage interface and in subchondral bone marrow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on synovial involvement in spondyloarthritides.
  • To compare the significance of synovitis in SpA versus other inflammatory arthropathies like rheumatoid arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
  • Examination of histopathological data.
Keywords:
Spondyloarthritideshistopathology.synovitis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
09:18

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Published on: February 24, 2023

Main Results:

  • Subchondral bone marrow and entheses are key sites of inflammation in SpA.
  • Osteitis is a characteristic finding at the bone-cartilage interface and within subchondral bone.
  • Synovitis appears to be less significant in SpA compared to rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • The primary inflammatory pathology in SpA involves bone and entheses, not primarily the synovium.
  • Understanding these distinct inflammatory patterns is crucial for diagnosing and managing SpA.
  • Further research may clarify the precise role and mechanisms of synovial involvement in SpA.