Conversations about challenging end-of-life cases: ethics debriefing in the medical surgical intensive care unit

Clinicians frequently encounter and grapple with complex ethical issues and perplexing moral dilemmas in critical care settings. Intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians often experience moral distress in situations in which the ethically right course of action is intuitively known, but cannot be acted on. Most challenging cases pertain to end-of-life issues. Researchers have shown that moral distress and moral residue are common among critical care nurses. It is, therefore, essential that all ICU clinicians (and nurses, in particular) have an ongoing opportunity to work safely through these ethical dilemmas and conflicts. In this article, we describe the medical surgical intensive care unit (MSICU) experience with its monthly ethics initiative and explore the next steps to enhance its use through maximizing attendance and value to MSICU clinicians. To optimize attendance of staff a small group discussion among critical care clinicians (n = 8) was conducted asking about their perceptions of the debriefing sessions and their suggestions on how to promote their use. Process changes were implemented based on the group's suggestions. The process changes resulted in increased awareness of the benefits, increased frequency of sessions and demonstrated utility. Lessons learned from the MSICU experience will inform the development of education curricula to help critical care nurses with challenging end-of-life situations.