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Updated: May 25, 2026

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
Published on: April 4, 2016
Isolating scattering resonances of an air-filled spherical shell using iterative, single-channel time reversal
Zachary J Waters1, Benjamin R Dzikowicz, Harry J Simpson
1Physical Acoustics Branch, Code 7130, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5320, USA. zachary.waters@nrl.navy.mil
Abstract:
Iterative, single-channel time reversal is employed to isolate backscattering resonances of an air-filled spherical shell in a frequency range of 0.5-20 kHz. Numerical simulations of free-field target scattering suggest improved isolation of the dominant target response frequency in the presence of varying levels of stochastic noise, compared to processing returns from a single transmission and also coherent averaging. To test the efficacy of the technique in a realistic littoral environment, monostatic scattering experiments are conducted in the Gulf of Mexico near Panama City, Florida. The time reversal technique is applied to returns from a hollow spherical shell target sitting proud on a sandy bottom in 14 m deep water. Distinct resonances in the scattering response of the target are isolated, depending upon the bandwidth of the sonar system utilized.
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