Preparation and characterization of silica gel/chitosan composite for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II)

Silica gel/chitosan composite (SiCS) was prepared via., sol-gel method by mixing silica gel and chitosan and cross-linked with bifunctional cross-linker glutaraldhyde. The SiCS composite was characterized using FT-IR, SEM-EDAX, XRD and BET methods. The sorption of copper and lead ions onto SiCS has been investigated. The SiCS composite was found to have excellent metal sorption capacity than the silica gel (Si) and chitosan (CS). The sorption experiments were carried out in batch mode to optimize various parameters viz., contact time, pH, initial metal ion concentration, co-ions and temperature that influence the sorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models were applied to describe isotherm constants. Equilibrium data agreed well with the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the nature of sorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The SiCS removes metals by means of adsorption and complexation. Sorption capacity of SiCS is compared with other sorbents which suggest that this composite was useful for removing copper and lead from aqueous solution.