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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
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Glucose sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel based etalons.

Courtney D Sorrell1, Michael J Serpe

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|January 28, 2012
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Summary

Thermoresponsive microgels offer a novel platform for direct glucose sensing. Aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid microgels exhibit significant spectral shifts and visual color changes in response to glucose.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Thermoresponsive microgels, specifically poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-AAc), are effective for creating sensor materials.
  • Etalon materials based on these microgels offer direct sensing capabilities with unique, tunable colors.
  • Their spectral sensitivity and visual output make them promising for advanced sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a proof-of-concept for etalon-based glucose sensing using functionalized microgels.
  • To investigate the spectral response and visual color changes of these materials upon glucose detection.
  • To assess the impact of glucose binding on the microgels' thermal properties.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgels.
  • Functionalization of microgels with aminophenylboronic acid (APBA).
  • Assembly of functionalized microgels into etalon structures for spectral analysis.
  • Measurement of reflectance peak shifts and volume phase transition temperatures in response to varying glucose concentrations.

Main Results:

  • APBA-functionalized pNIPAm-co-AAc microgel etalons showed a red shift of 110-150 nm in reflectance peaks at 3 mg/mL glucose concentration.
  • The volume phase transition temperature of the microgels decreased from 18-20 °C to 24-26 °C after glucose binding.
  • A distinct visual color change was observed, indicating potential for direct readout sensor devices.

Conclusions:

  • APBA-functionalized pNIPAm-co-AAc microgel etalons are capable of sensing glucose through significant spectral shifts.
  • The observed changes in reflectance and transition temperature provide a basis for glucose detection.
  • These findings represent a significant step towards developing visual, direct-readout glucose sensor devices.