Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Epidemiological features and risk factor analysis of children with acute lung injury

Yan Li1, Quan Wang, Hui Chen

  • 1Department of PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 56 Nan Li Shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP
|January 28, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) affect 7.8% of pediatric ICU patients. Extra-pulmonary diseases and discharge against medical advice increase mortality risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe complications in critical care.
  • These conditions significantly impact pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology of ALI/ARDS in a PICU setting.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality in pediatric ALI/ARDS patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study was conducted in the PICU of Beijing Children's Hospital from November 2005 to October 2006.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for mortality.
  • A 3-month follow-up period was implemented to track patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of ALI/ARDS was 7.8% (44/562 patients).
  • The mortality rate for ARDS was 24.1%, and for ALI/ARDS combined, it was 18.2% during hospitalization.
  • Overall mortality at 3-month follow-up reached 45.5%. Pulmonary disease was associated with better outcomes than extra-pulmonary involvement.
  • Risk factors for mortality included discharge against medical advice, low PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and high PaCO2 on admission.

Conclusions:

  • ARDS carries a high mortality rate in PICU, particularly with extra-pulmonary involvement.
  • Strategies to decrease mortality include managing comorbidities, lung protection, and preventing discharge against medical advice.
Abstract

More Related Videos

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...