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Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

Physiology of Urine Formation

Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...

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Defining the "normal" postejaculate urinalysis.

Akanksha Mehta1, Jonathan P Jarow, Pat Maples

  • 1Division of Urology, Warren-Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 2 Dudley St, Suite 175-185, Providence, RI 02905, USA.

Journal of Andrology
|January 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sperm in postejaculate urinalysis (PEU) is common in both fertile and infertile men. However, infertile men show a higher prevalence and proportion of sperm in urine, complicating PEU interpretation for fertility assessment.

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Published on: August 7, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Urology
  • Andrology

Background:

  • Sperm presence in postejaculate urinalysis (PEU) is documented in fertile and infertile populations.
  • Quantitative data on sperm counts in the general population's PEU is lacking.
  • Understanding normal PEU sperm parameters is crucial for clinical interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the characteristics of semen and PEU in general and infertile populations.
  • To establish a baseline for "normal" sperm presence in urine post-ejaculation.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of PEU in male infertility evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective recruitment of infertile men (n=77) and controls (n=71).
  • Exclusion of azoospermia and ejaculation-affecting medications.
  • Comprehensive assessment including history, physical exam, semen analysis, and split PEU (PEU1 and PEU2).

Main Results:

  • Controls exhibited higher semen volume and sperm concentration than infertile men.
  • Sperm in urine was prevalent in both groups but significantly higher in infertile men (98.7% vs 88.7%).
  • Infertile men had a greater proportion of total sperm in urine (46% vs 24%), with most sperm found in the initial urine void (PEU1).

Conclusions:

  • Sperm in PEU is a common finding, with increased prevalence and proportion in infertile men.
  • Significant overlap in PEU sperm counts between groups limits its use as a standalone diagnostic marker.
  • Interpretation of PEU findings should consider the potential impact on subsequent male infertility management decisions.