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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

Diabetes mellitus in centenarians.

Adam Davey1, Uday Lele, Merrill F Elias

  • 1Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA. adavey@temple.edu

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects 12.5% of centenarians, with higher prevalence in African Americans and overweight individuals. Despite being a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, DM in centenarians shows few clinical correlates beyond anemia and increased medication use.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Centenarians represent a unique population for studying aging and chronic diseases.
  • Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) in this extreme age group is crucial for geriatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among centenarians.
  • To identify clinical correlates and demographic factors associated with DM in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, population-based study involving 244 centenarians (aged 98-108) in northern Georgia.
  • Nonfasting blood samples were analyzed for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); clinical and demographic data were collected.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of DM was 12.5%, significantly higher in African Americans (27.7%) and overweight/obese individuals (23.1%).
  • Centenarians with DM had higher rates of anemia (78.6%) and hypertension (79.3%) and used more nonhypoglycemic medications.
  • DM was not associated with mortality, visual impairment, amputations, cardiovascular disease, or neuropathy in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus is present in a notable proportion of centenarians, despite its known risks.
  • Clinical manifestations of DM in centenarians are limited, with anemia and increased medication use being key observations.
  • The study highlights the heterogeneity of DM presentation and progression in extreme longevity.