Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

New developments in the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation·2026
Same author

A cross-domain test battery for comprehensive hearing loss characterisation using functional, physiological, and vestibular measures.

International journal of audiology·2026
Same author

From Hearing Patterns to Functional Outcomes: Quantifying Audiometric Profiles for Precision Hearing Care.

Audiology & neuro-otology·2026
Same author

Pre-Neural Source of the Envelope-Following Response Revealed in Cases of Auditory Neuropathy.

Ear and hearing·2026
Same author

Head position matters: Position‑dependent vestibular flow void artifacts in inner ear MRI and their clinical implications.

European journal of radiology·2026
Same author

Bridging the gap between physics and biology of hearing: Timing and amplification.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2025
Same journal

Using NAL-NL3 in clinical practice: a modular NAL fitting system for real-world listening needs.

International journal of audiology·2026
Same journal

Does the Apple airpods pro 2 hearing aid feature meet prescribed targets for standardized audiograms?

International journal of audiology·2026
Same journal

Evolving the philosophy: from the NAL rule to NAL-NL3.

International journal of audiology·2026
Same journal

Medical risk factors associated with listening difficulties in children.

International journal of audiology·2026
Same journal

A calibrated mobile application for automated estimation of audiometric thresholds and temporal resolution.

International journal of audiology·2026
Same journal

Development and results of a customised theoretical framework-based survey on barriers and enablers to hearing aid uptake and use in older adults.

International journal of audiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

Cochlear function in Ménière's disease.

Bela Büki1, Heinz Jünger, Paul Avan

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, County Hospital, Krems, Austria. bukibela@hotmail.com

International Journal of Audiology
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single intratympanic gentamicin injections (ITPG) effectively controlled vertigo in Ménière

More Related Videos

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
10:27

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears

Published on: February 21, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
10:27

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears

Published on: February 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Ménière's disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear.
  • Vestibular function is often inhibited in MD patients.
  • Pure-tone audiograms and electrocochleography are used to assess MD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of intratympanic gentamicin injections (ITPG) for Ménière's disease (MD).
  • To analyze audiogram features and electrocochleography results before and after ITPG therapy.
  • To evaluate the impact of mild peripheral vestibular function inhibition on MD symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 62 patients with Ménière's disease.
  • Analysis of pure-tone audiograms and electrocochleography data.
  • Administration of single intratympanic gentamicin injections (ITPG) to inhibit vestibular function.

Main Results:

  • 65% of patients received one ITPG injection; 24% received two.
  • Class A vertigo control was achieved within two weeks in all cases.
  • Before ITPG, 37 out of 62 audiograms showed a 'flat' hearing threshold.

Conclusions:

  • Intratympanic gentamicin injections (ITPG) can be a safe and effective therapy for Ménière's disease (MD).
  • Advanced MD often presents with a flat hearing threshold and a high-frequency peak.
  • Single ITPG injections offer a viable treatment option for intolerable MD symptoms.