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Updated: May 25, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
05:41

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

How to assess microvascular structure in humans.

Damiano Rizzoni1, Christian Aalkjaer, Carolina De Ciuceis

  • 1Clinica Medica, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. rizzoni@med.unibs.it

High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

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Evaluating microvascular structure in hypertension and diabetes is crucial for cardiovascular risk. Non-invasive retinal imaging shows promise, potentially aiding risk stratification in hypertensive patients.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Increased media to lumen ratio in small resistance arteries is common in hypertension and diabetes.
  • Assessing microvascular structure is challenging, with invasive methods like micromyography limited by biopsy requirements.
  • Non-invasive techniques like capillaroscopy offer insights into microvascular rarefaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore non-invasive methods for evaluating microvascular structure.
  • To assess the utility of retinal arteriole wall thickness to internal lumen ratio measurement.
  • To determine if retinal imaging can complement or replace invasive microvascular assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established methods: plethysmography, wire/pressure micromyography.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
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  • Introduction of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry for retinal arteriole analysis.
  • Comparison of non-invasive retinal measurements with gold-standard micromyography.

    • Main Results:

    • Micromyography of small arteries shows strong prognostic significance but is invasive.
    • Retinal arteriole wall thickness to internal lumen ratio measurement is a novel non-invasive approach.
    • Preliminary data indicate good agreement between retinal imaging and micromyography.

    Conclusions:

    • Microvascular structure evaluation is transitioning to clinical practice.
    • Non-invasive retinal imaging offers a promising alternative for assessing microvascular changes.
    • This technique could improve cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients.