Generational differences in factors influencing physicians to choose a work location

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Rural Health
• Physician Workforce Studies

Background:

• Canadian medical schools are increasing enrollment and rural student recruitment to address physician shortages.
• Physician recruitment to underserved areas is crucial for the success of these initiatives.
• Generational differences in career expectations and practice patterns may influence physician location choices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore factors influencing work location choices among physicians of different generations.
• To compare generational differences in practice location decisions among physicians trained in Canadian provinces with large rural populations.

Main Methods:

• Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 48 physicians from two Canadian universities (Memorial University of Newfoundland and University of Saskatchewan).
• Physicians were categorized into four generational groups based on their graduation year (1965-1969, 1975-1979, 1985-1989, 1995-1999).
• Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts, examining factors influencing work location changes and decisions, while also considering university, sex, and specialty differences.

Main Results:

• Family and friends proximity was the primary factor for all generations.
• Residency location, skill utilization, and recruitment efforts were important for all physicians.
• Younger physicians (1980s-1990s graduates) emphasized work-life balance and spouse's employment more than older generations.
• Older physicians (1960s-1970s graduates) prioritized community medical need and adventure.

Conclusions:

• While some factors for choosing work locations are consistent across generations, significant differences exist.
• Younger physicians' emphasis on work-life balance and spousal employment presents challenges for rural regions.
• Recruitment and retention strategies must adapt to address the evolving needs and expectations of younger physicians.