Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia
Published on: April 19, 2024
3D CT based rating of unilateral impacted canines
Sebastian Hanke1, Ursula Hirschfelder, Thomas Keller
1Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to develop a reference system for multislice computed tomography (MSCT) images to determine of the location of impacted teeth in metric terms.
Study Design:
The CT data of 17 patients with unilateral impacted maxillary canines were selected retrospectively from existing MSCT data sets. In a reference coordinate system, defined by anterior nasal spine (ANS), posterior nasal spine (PNS), and A-point, the axis length and the inclination of the canines were determined and impacted and non-impacted canines were compared.
Results:
There were significant differences between the impacted and non-impacted canines (p ≤ 0.0003) for all inclinations and the lengths in the x- and z-axes. The measurement of the inclination and sections of the impacted and non-impacted canine tooth axes showed sufficient repeatability and reproducibility.
Conclusion:
The coordinate system proved to be suitable for the exact metric localization of impacted teeth.

