Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Does Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery Normalize the Upper Airway Dimensions?

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026

Same author

Assessment of Upper Airway Dimensions From Preadolescence to Young Adulthood in Correlation With Skeletal Maturation Stages.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026

Same author

Assessment of zygomatico-maxillary suture fusion across skeletal maturation stages from preadolescence to young adulthood.

Korean journal of orthodontics·2026

Same author

Machine learning-assisted prediction of speech outcomes at age 5 in patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate after double-opposing Z-plasty.

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2025

Same author

Accuracy of machine learning-assisted prediction of the future need for orthognathic surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Korean journal of orthodontics·2025

Same author

Accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted soft tissue landmark identification in serial lateral cephalograms of Class III two-jaw surgery patients.

Korean journal of orthodontics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures

Published on: August 5, 2021

Three-dimensional dental model constructed from an average dental form.

Shin-Eun Nam¹, Ye-Hyun Kim, Young-Seok Park

¹Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

|January 31, 2012

Summary

A new, simpler method accurately computes average dental forms from 3D models. This validated technique creates an average digital dental model for improved orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment planning.

More Related Videos

Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression

Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression

Published on: May 30, 2019

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities

Published on: May 24, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures

Published on: August 5, 2021

Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression

Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression

Published on: May 30, 2019

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities

Published on: May 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Dental Morphology
Computer-Aided Design

Background:

Accurate average dental forms are crucial for dental treatments.
Existing methods for computing average dental forms can be complex.
Developing a simplified, valid method is essential for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple method for calculating average dental forms.
To validate the accuracy of the proposed averaging method.
To construct an average digital dental model using the new method.

Main Methods:

Dental casts from 51 adults were scanned into 3D virtual models.
A simplified averaging technique, multiple partial Procrustes analysis (MPPA), was used.
The MPPA method was validated against generalized partial Procrustes analysis (GPPA).

Main Results:

The proposed MPPA method produced average dental forms comparable to GPPA.
Procrustes distance measurements indicated insignificant differences (approx. 0.01 mm).
The method proved feasible and simpler than traditional GPPA.

Conclusions:

The novel MPPA method is a feasible and simpler alternative for computing average dental forms.
The resulting average digital dental model can aid in orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment planning.
This study contributes to advancements in digital dentistry and treatment simulation.