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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Updated: May 25, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Exploiting microRNAs for cell engineering and therapy.

Tomaž Bratkovič1, Gordana Glavan, Borut Strukelj

  • 1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia. tomaz.bratkovic@ffa.uni-lj.si

Biotechnology Advances
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs regulating gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs. Their manipulation offers potential for cell engineering and treating diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key non-coding RNAs in eukaryotes.
  • They regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • miRNAs influence a significant portion of protein-coding genes, impacting numerous biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental biology of microRNAs.
  • To explore the applications of miRNA manipulation in cell engineering.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic predictions of miRNA targets.
  • Experimental validation from wet laboratory studies.
  • Review of existing literature on miRNA function and applications.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs function by binding to specific sequences in mRNA untranslated regions.
  • This interaction leads to mRNA degradation or translational repression.
  • Evidence suggests miRNAs are involved in regulating most biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding miRNA biology is crucial for advancing molecular science.
  • Targeted manipulation of miRNA expression can engineer cellular phenotypes.
  • miRNAs hold promise as therapeutic agents for various diseases.