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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Facial palsy and reconstruction.

Adel Fattah1, Gregory H Borschel, Ralph T Manktelow

  • 1Toronto, Ontario, Canada From the Division of Plastic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Facial nerve palsy, a condition affecting facial movement, requires a comprehensive strategy for treatment and surgical reconstruction. This article details effective approaches for managing this complex neurological disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Facial nerve palsy presents significant functional and aesthetic challenges.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed overview of diagnostic methods for facial nerve palsy.
  • To outline current surgical techniques for facial nerve reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic modalities including electrodiagnostic testing and imaging.
  • Analysis of various surgical reconstruction techniques such as nerve grafts and muscle transfers.

Main Results:

  • Successful reconstruction depends on timely intervention and appropriate technique selection.
  • Multidisciplinary approach optimizes patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach to facial nerve palsy diagnosis and reconstruction is essential.
  • Advances in surgical techniques offer improved functional and aesthetic recovery.