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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

Bond Polarity

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Updated: May 25, 2026

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
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Structure property correlation in lithium borophosphate glasses.

T D Tho1, R Prasada Rao, S Adams

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Sinagpore, 117574, Singapore, Singapore.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding boron oxide to lithium phosphate glasses enhances ionic conductivity by altering structural bonds. This mixed glass former system shows optimal performance around 50% boron oxide content, impacting cation mobility.

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Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Ionics

Background:

  • Lithium phosphate glasses are studied for ionic conductivity applications.
  • Understanding the role of mixed glass formers is crucial for optimizing material properties.
  • Cation mobility is influenced by structural variations in glass networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of mixed glass formers (B2O3) on lithium phosphate glass structure and Li+ ion mobility.
  • To correlate structural changes with ionic conductivity and material properties.
  • To develop models for predicting ionic conductivity in mixed glass former systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of 0.45Li(2)O-(0.55-x)P(2)O(5)-xB(2)O(3) glasses.
  • Experimental techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), impedance spectroscopy.
  • Computational methods: Constant volume molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, bond valence (BV) method.

Main Results:

  • Increased B(2)O(3) content led to higher glass transition temperature (Tg), number density, and fragility.
  • Structural analysis revealed increased P-O-B and B-O-B bonds, decreased P-O-P bonds, and fewer non-bridging oxygens (NBOs).
  • Maximum ionic conductivity of 1.0×10(-7) S cm(-1) with 0.63 eV activation energy was observed at Y≈0.5 (50% B(2)O(3)).

Conclusions:

  • The mixed glass former effect significantly influences the structure and ionic conductivity of lithium phosphate glasses.
  • Structural evolution, particularly the balance of bridging and non-bridging oxygens, dictates Li+ ion mobility.
  • The study provides a framework for designing ion-conducting glasses by tuning glass former composition.