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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Histone code, human growth and cancer.

Francesco Crea

    Oncotarget
    |January 31, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Future research will explore histone and proline-rich transmembrane proteins (HPTMs) in human development. Targeting EZH2 and NSD1 may offer new therapies for rare developmental syndromes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular biology
    • Developmental biology
    • Epigenetics

    Background:

    • Histone and proline-rich transmembrane proteins (HPTMs) play crucial roles in human development.
    • Specific HPTMs, such as EZH2 and NSD1, are implicated in bone development.
    • Understanding their complex relationship is essential for deciphering developmental processes.

    Discussion:

    • The molecular mechanisms of EZH2 and NSD1 in bone development require further investigation.
    • Histone methylation and demethylation are key epigenetic modifications influencing gene expression.
    • These processes are dynamically regulated and crucial for normal development.

    Key Insights:

    • EZH2 and NSD1 are critical molecular players in skeletal development.
    • Epigenetic regulation via histone methylation is fundamental to human development.
    • Dysregulation of these pathways may underlie rare developmental syndromes.

    Outlook:

    • Future studies should elucidate the precise functions of EZH2 and NSD1 in bone formation.
    • Novel small molecule inhibitors targeting histone methylation/demethylation pathways are emerging.
    • These inhibitors hold promise for therapeutic interventions in rare developmental disorders.