Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lung Biopsy Tract Sealant and Fiducial Marker Based on a Hydrogel/Shape Memory Polymer Foam Composite With Multimodal Contrast.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials·2026
Same author

Mussel-Inspired Catechol-Functionalized Redox-Active Polypeptides for Energy Applications.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same author

Expandable Nanocomposite Shape-Memory Hemostat for the Treatment of Noncompressible Hemorrhage.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Adaptable microplastic classification using similarity learning on µFTIR spectra collected from µFTIR focal plane array imaging.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Electrode position, size, and orientation determine efficacy of cervical epidural stimulation to recruit forelimb muscles in rats.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Absorbable hemostatic hydrogels comprising composites of sacrificial templates and honeycomb-like nanofibrous mats of chitosan.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Customizing Ionic Micelles by Dynamic Coassembly of Sequence-Defined Peptoid Block Copolymers.

Macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Investigating Polyethylene Solubility for Solvent-Based Recycling: Experiments and SAFT‑γ Mie Predictions.

Macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Poly(<i>l</i>‑lactic acid) in the Presence of Water.

Macromolecules·2026
Same journal

From Solvent-Mediated Micellization to Packing in a Face-Centered Cubic Structure of Poloxamers.

Macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Nonlocal Effect of Percolated Particle Networks on Viscoelasticity of Polymer-Filler Nanocomposites: A Mesoscale Simulation Study.

Macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Helicity of a confined bottlebrush ring polymer.

Macromolecules·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Triple-Shape Memory Polymers Based on Self-Complementary Hydrogen Bonding.

Taylor Ware1, Keith Hearon, Alexander Lonnecker

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop RL 10, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.

Macromolecules
|January 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel triple shape memory polymers (TSMPs) using covalent and hydrogen bonding. These smart materials offer tunable properties for advanced applications.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Smart Materials

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that can alter their shape and stiffness when exposed to a stimulus.
  • Triple shape memory polymers (TSMPs) represent an advanced class of SMPs, capable of remembering and recovering two distinct metastable shapes in addition to their permanent shape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel TSMP system with tunable properties by combining permanent covalent cross-links and supramolecular hydrogen bonding cross-links.
  • To investigate the relationship between material composition and thermomechanical properties, enabling independent control over glass transition temperature (Tg) and cross-link density.

Main Methods:

  • A one-pot synthesis method was employed to create the TSMP system.
  • Copolymerization of ureidopyrimidone methacrylate, ureidopyrimidone acrylate, alkyl acrylates, and bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate.
  • Dynamic and quasi-static thermomechanical testing was used for characterization.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized TSMPs exhibit tunable glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 0 to 60 °C.
  • Control over Tg and cross-link density was achieved by varying the concentrations of hydrogen bonding moieties (0-40 wt%) and diacrylate (0-30 wt%).
  • Material toughness was observed to range from 0.06 to 0.14 MPa, with optimal toughness near 20 wt% supramolecular cross-linker.

Conclusions:

  • A widely tunable class of amorphous triple-shape memory polymers was successfully developed.
  • The combination of covalent and supramolecular cross-linking provides independent control over material properties.
  • The findings offer insights into the dynamics of supramolecular networks in TSMPs for advanced material design.