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Counting-backward test for executive function in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

S Kanno1, M Saito, A Hayashi

  • 1Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|February 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new bedside counting-backward test effectively assesses executive function in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients. This test helps differentiate INPH from Alzheimer's disease (AD) by identifying specific executive dysfunction deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is characterized by executive dysfunction.
  • Accurate assessment of executive function is crucial for diagnosing and managing INPH.
  • Existing tests may not be suitable for bedside evaluation of INPH patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a bedside test for executive function in patients with INPH.
  • To assess the utility of the counting-backward test in differentiating INPH from Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a counting-backward test to evaluate executive function.
  • Calculated first-error score and reverse-effect index for attention and response suppression.
  • Assessed performance in 20 INPH patients and 20 AD patients using the new test and standard neuropsychological tests.

Main Results:

  • INPH patients scored significantly lower on the counting-backward test indices and standard tests compared to AD patients.
  • The counting-backward test indices strongly correlated with established executive function measures.
  • The first-error score effectively distinguished INPH from AD patients.

Conclusions:

  • The bedside counting-backward test is a valuable tool for assessing executive dysfunction in INPH.
  • This test aids in differentiating INPH from AD.
  • The first-error score specifically highlights response suppression deficits in INPH.