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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
07:01

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)

Published on: February 7, 2025

Pediatric headache: update on recent research.

Andrew D Hershey1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Headache
|February 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary headaches, including migraine and tension-type headache, are common in children. Research is improving our understanding of their causes, symptoms, and impact on the developing brain.

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Published on: June 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Primary headaches are prevalent in children and adolescents.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the pathophysiology of pediatric primary headaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent research advancements in understanding pediatric primary headaches.
  • To highlight key areas contributing to improved knowledge of headache pathophysiology in youth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on pediatric headache characteristics.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on primary headaches in children.
  • Examination of developmental changes in migraine.
  • Investigation of molecular, physiological, and nutritional factors.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced understanding of disease characteristics, associated symptoms, and comorbidities.
  • Updated epidemiological insights into primary headaches.
  • Characterization of migraine progression during development.
  • Exploration of molecular, physiological, and vitamin/cofactor roles.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research is significantly advancing the understanding of primary headaches in children and adolescents.
  • These conditions are recognized as primary neurological disorders impacting the developing brain.