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Factors Affecting Illness

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...

Classification of Illness

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...

Concepts of Health and Illness

Concepts of Health and Illness

Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...

Dimensions of Health and Illness

Dimensions of Health and Illness

The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

5-HT and physical illness.

¹Academic Sub-Department of Psychological Medicine, North Wales Hospital, Denbigh., Clwyd LL16 5SS, UK.

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)

|February 1, 2012

Summary

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) show potential beyond mental health. Review suggests these drugs may benefit physical conditions linked to affective disorders, rewarding clinical observation.

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Neuroscience
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are primarily known for treating affective disorders.
Serotonin (5-HT) has a widespread distribution throughout the body, influencing various physiological systems.
The clinical evolution of SSRIs has revealed a broad spectrum of effects and side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the discovery and clinical progression of 5-HT re-uptake inhibiting drugs.
To explore the potential therapeutic applications of SSRIs beyond their established use in affective disorders.
To highlight the possibility of serendipitous discoveries through clinical vigilance.

Main Methods:

Literature review of the discovery and clinical evolution of 5-HT re-uptake inhibiting drugs.

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The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

Published on: April 25, 2012

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

Published on: April 25, 2012

Analysis of the known distribution and effects of serotonin (5-HT) in bodily systems.

Examination of reported effects and side effects of SSRIs and other 5-HT-active drugs.

Main Results:

SSRIs have undergone significant clinical development since their discovery.
The broad physiological influence of serotonin suggests potential for wider therapeutic uses.
Observed side effects indicate complex interactions within multiple bodily systems.

Conclusions:

Drugs targeting the serotonin (5-HT) system, including SSRIs, may offer benefits for physical conditions co-morbid with affective disorders.
Clinical observation and vigilance are crucial for identifying novel therapeutic applications of these agents.
Further research into the systemic effects of 5-HT-active drugs could lead to serendipitous therapeutic discoveries.