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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Gallbladder

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity

An Acupoint Catgut-embedding Therapy for Treating Obesity

Published on: April 4, 2025

[Obesity and gallbladder diseases].

Seung Uk Jeong¹, Sung Koo Lee

¹Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe Chi

|February 1, 2012

Summary

Obesity is a global health issue linked to gallbladder diseases like gallstones and inflammation. This review explores the connection between obesity and gallbladder conditions, covering their causes, effects, and prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Endocrinology
Public Health

Context:

Obesity is a significant global health concern, associated with numerous chronic diseases.
Obesity contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction and cytokine production, impacting organs like the gallbladder.
Overweight and obesity are established major risk factors for gallstone formation.

Purpose:

To review current literature on the relationship between obesity and gallbladder diseases.
To examine the epidemiological, mechanistic, pathological, and preventive aspects of this association.
To synthesize information on how obesity influences various gallbladder conditions.

Summary:

Obesity is linked to increased risk of gallstones, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps, and gallbladder cancer.

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Mechanisms involve insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome, driven by obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation.

Fat infiltration in the gallbladder wall contributes to disease development.

Impact:

Highlights the critical role of obesity in gallbladder pathology.
Informs clinical practice regarding risk assessment and management of gallbladder diseases in obese patients.
Provides a foundation for future research into targeted prevention and treatment strategies for obesity-related gallbladder disorders.