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Related Concept Videos

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

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Published on: June 26, 2020

Viral hepatitis in the elderly.

Andres F Carrion1, Paul Martin

  • 1Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida 33125, USA. acarrionmonsalve@med.miami.edu

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|February 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly adults face higher risks for liver disease complications and mortality. Research is needed to evaluate hepatitis treatments and expand adult immunization programs for better health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Aging populations are increasing globally.
  • Elderly individuals exhibit higher rates of liver disease complications and mortality.
  • Age-related physiological changes, comorbidities, and toxin exposure exacerbate liver disease in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique challenges of viral hepatitis in the elderly population.
  • To emphasize the need for further research on hepatitis pharmacotherapy in older adults.
  • To advocate for enhanced immunization strategies against hepatitis A and B in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on aging and liver disease.
  • Analysis of current hepatitis B and C treatment guidelines for elderly populations.
  • Assessment of immunization data and recommendations for older adults.

Main Results:

  • Elderly populations are disproportionately affected by acute and chronic liver disease.
  • Limited data exists on the efficacy and safety of current hepatitis B and C treatments in older adults.
  • Current immunization strategies for hepatitis A and B in the elderly require re-evaluation and expansion.

Conclusions:

  • Viral hepatitis poses significant risks to the growing elderly population.
  • Tailored research and clinical guidelines are essential for managing hepatitis in older adults.
  • Public health initiatives must prioritize and broaden hepatitis A and B vaccination for elderly individuals.