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Related Experiment Videos

Wrist loading patterns during pommel horse exercises.

K L Markolf1, M S Shapiro, B R Mandelbaum

  • 1Biomechanics Research Section, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Elite male gymnasts experience high wrist impact forces on the pommel horse, especially during front scissors and flair exercises. These forces, comparable to running impacts, may contribute to wrist injuries in the sport.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Gymnastics involves extensive upper extremity weight-bearing and impacts.
  • Wrist pain is prevalent in gymnasts, with the pommel horse being a significant contributor.
  • Understanding wrist impact forces is crucial for injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify wrist impact forces and loading rates during elite male gymnastics on the pommel horse.
  • To compare these forces to known injury thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Instrumented a standard pommel horse with a load cell.
  • Recorded hand forces during basic skills performed by 17 elite male gymnasts.
  • Analyzed peak forces, loading rates, and localized loading spikes.

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Main Results:

  • Highest mean peak forces (1.5 BW, up to 2.0 BW) occurred during front scissors and flair.
  • Mean peak force for hip circles was 1.1 BW.
  • Localized loading rates during aggressive front scissors reached 129 BW s-1 (max 219 BW s-1), comparable to running heel strikes.

Conclusions:

  • Pommel horse gymnastics generates exceptionally high impact forces and loading rates on the wrist.
  • These forces exceed typical upper extremity loads and may be a key factor in gymnastics-related wrist injuries.
  • Further research into injury mechanisms and protective strategies is warranted.