Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
Several...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing necrotizing enterocolitis risk among extremely preterm infants by use of human-milk or bovine-milk-based fortifier.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Safety of Sildenafil in Premature Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (SILDI-SAFE): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Self-reported positive health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents born preterm in the ECHO cohort.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program: Technical Report.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

Live biotherapeutic product IBP-9414 (L. reuteri) in very low birth weight infants: the Connection Study.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Cue-Based and Volume-Based Oral Feeding Progression Strategies and Outcomes in Extremely Premature Infants.

American journal of perinatology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Neonatal drug withdrawal.

Mark L Hudak, Rosemarie C Tan,

    Pediatrics
    |February 1, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Maternal drug use during pregnancy can cause neonatal withdrawal or toxicity. Hospitalized infants on opioids or benzodiazepines also risk withdrawal, requiring updated management strategies.

    More Related Videos

    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
    05:13

    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

    Published on: February 28, 2025

    Neurodevelopmental Reflex Testing in Neonatal Rat Pups
    09:35

    Neurodevelopmental Reflex Testing in Neonatal Rat Pups

    Published on: April 24, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 25, 2026

    Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
    19:15

    Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

    Published on: August 25, 2014

    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
    05:13

    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

    Published on: February 28, 2025

    Neurodevelopmental Reflex Testing in Neonatal Rat Pups
    09:35

    Neurodevelopmental Reflex Testing in Neonatal Rat Pups

    Published on: April 24, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
    • Pharmacology
    • Pediatric Critical Care

    Background:

    • Maternal drug exposure in utero can lead to neonatal withdrawal or toxicity.
    • Hospitalized infants receiving analgesics (opioids) or sedatives (benzodiazepines) are susceptible to withdrawal symptoms.
    • Existing guidelines require updates regarding neonatal drug withdrawal management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To update clinical presentations of infants exposed to drugs in utero.
    • To review therapeutic options for neonatal drug withdrawal.
    • To provide evidence-based approaches for weaning hospitalized infants from analgesics and sedatives.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of current evidence.
    • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.
    • Evaluation of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

    Main Results:

    • Neonatal drug withdrawal manifests with diverse signs, varying by substance and duration of exposure.
    • Opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal in hospitalized infants presents unique challenges.
    • Evidence-based guidelines support tailored weaning protocols.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate identification of neonatal drug withdrawal is crucial.
    • Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are essential for managing withdrawal symptoms.
    • Structured weaning protocols improve outcomes for hospitalized infants requiring sedation or analgesia cessation.