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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
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Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology

Published on: March 23, 2011

Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging.

Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros1, Juan Botella, María Dolores Zamarrón

  • 1Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. r.fballesteros@uam.es

Clinical Interventions in Aging
|February 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, significantly impacts learning potential. Education can mitigate age-related cognitive decline, offering a protective effect.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseagingcognitive modifiabilitycognitive plasticitylearning agemild cognitive impairment

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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age and cognitive impairment are critical factors influencing an individual's learning capacity.
  • Understanding cognitive plasticity across the lifespan and in pathological conditions is essential for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which age and cognitive impairment affect learning performance.
  • To quantify the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) on cognitive plasticity.
  • To explore the potential of learning performance measures for early AD detection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from four longitudinal studies involving participants aged 55-102 years.
  • Assessment of verbal learning using a Rey-developed measure across five learning trials.
  • Comparison of learning performance between healthy individuals, MCI patients, and AD patients.

Main Results:

  • All groups demonstrated learning across trials, but significant differences emerged based on age, pathology, and education.
  • MCI was associated with a cognitive decline equivalent to 15 years of normal aging; AD was equivalent to 22.7 years.
  • Approximately 5 years of education offset 1 year of normal aging.
  • AD patients showed significantly poorer performance on delayed recall compared to initial learning, suggesting potential for early detection (sensitivity 0.813, specificity 0.917 in the 75-89 age range).

Conclusions:

  • Age, cognitive impairment (MCI, AD), and education levels significantly modulate learning potential.
  • Cognitive decline in MCI and AD can be quantified in terms of "years of normal decline by age."
  • The distinct pattern of performance decline in AD patients on delayed recall tests may serve as a valuable tool for early detection.