Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

Measurement of Compressive Stress-Strain Response at Small-Strains
Published on: December 5, 2025
Young's modulus repeatability assessment using cycling compression loading on cancellous bone
S Guérard1, Y Chevalier, H Moreschi
1Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LBM, Paris, France. sandra.guerard@ensam.eu
Abstract:
For various applications, precision of the Young's modulus of cancellous bone specimens is needed. However, measurement variability is rarely given. The aim of this study was to assess the Young's modulus repeatability using a uniaxial cyclic compression protocol on embedded specimens of human cancellous bone. Twelve specimens from 12 human calcanei were considered. The specimens were first defatted and then 1 or 2 mm at the ends were embedded in an epoxy resin. The compression experiment consists in applying 20 compressive cycles between 0.2 per cent and 0.6 per cent strain with a 2 Hz loading frequency. The coefficient of variation of the current protocol was found to be 1.2 percent. This protocol showed variability similar to the end-cap technique (considered as a reference). It can be applied on porous specimen (especially human bone) and requires minimal bone length to limit end-artifact variability. The current method could be applied in association with noninvasive measurements (such as ultrasound) with full compatibility. This possibility opens the way for bone damage follow-up based on Young's modulus monitoring.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Normal Strain under Axial Loading
Strain and Elastic Modulus
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by a...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity
Hooke's Law
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...

