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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
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Published on: January 5, 2016

[Inflammation and HIV].

François Bricaire1, Marc-Antoine Valantin

  • 1Membre correspondant de l'Académie nationale de médecine, Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Groupe hospitalier de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 bid de l'hôpîtal, 75651 Paris cedex 13. francois.bricaire@psl.aphp.fr

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|February 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection prolongs life but does not fully restore health. Persistent immune activation and inflammation in treated patients increase risks for long-term complications.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is standard for HIV management.
  • ART suppresses HIV replication but does not eliminate the virus.
  • Long-term HIV survivors face significant non-AIDS comorbidities.

Purpose:

  • To investigate persistent health issues in HIV-infected individuals on ART.
  • To understand the role of chronic immune activation in HIV pathogenesis.
  • To identify factors contributing to long-term complications despite viral suppression.

Summary:

  • Effective HIV treatment prevents AIDS but fails to fully restore immune function.
  • Chronic immune activation and inflammation persist in patients with suppressed HIV replication.
  • This persistent inflammation is linked to increased risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other end-organ damage.

Impact:

  • Highlights the need for novel therapeutic strategies beyond viral suppression.
  • Suggests focusing on managing chronic inflammation in long-term HIV care.
  • Informs research into the mechanisms of non-AIDS comorbidities in HIV infection.