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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

Regulated mRNA Transport

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

Noncoding RNA localisation mechanisms in chromatin regulation.

Aditi Kanhere¹, Richard G Jenner

¹Division of Infection and Immunity and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. r.jenner@ucl.ac.uk.

|February 2, 2012

Summary

Researchers explore how noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) target chromatin regulators to specific DNA sites. DNA-binding proteins may bridge ncRNAs and chromatin, guiding gene expression. This sheds light on cell-type-specific gene regulation.

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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

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CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: May 25, 2018

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

Published on: March 25, 2012

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: May 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics

Background:

Cell-type-specific gene expression relies on regulated chromatin access.
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact with chromatin regulators, but targeting mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine how ncRNAs target chromatin regulators to specific genomic locations.
To place recent findings within the broader context of chromatin regulator-RNA complex targeting.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
Analysis of proposed mechanisms involving DNA-binding proteins.

Main Results:

DNA-binding proteins may act as intermediaries, linking ncRNAs to target DNA sites.
This mechanism provides a framework for understanding targeted chromatin modification.

Conclusions:

Understanding ncRNA-mediated targeting of chromatin regulators is crucial for deciphering gene expression.
DNA-binding proteins offer a potential explanation for the specificity of these interactions.