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Updated: May 25, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
Published on: June 19, 2018
[Nondestructive analysis of a Liuli ring of Warring State Period by EDXRF probe]
Qing-lin Li1, Xi-yun Yu, Xue Ling
1History School of Wuhan University, Wuchang 430072, China. lqinglin@ustc.edu
Abstract:
A Liuli ring was nondestructively analyzed by EDXRF probe, to discuss the characteristic of chemical composition and the producing place of this Liuli ring. The result reveals that the chemical composition of this Liuli ring belongs to PbO-BaO-SiO2 system, which is similar to Chinese special ancient PbO-BaO-SiO2 glass dating from Chunqiu to East Han state. So, it was concluded that this Liuli ring was used Chinese special technology and formula, and was made in China. But on the appearance, this Liuli ring is not like a mature glass, but a faience or frit which is the compound of glass and crystal substance.
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