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Related Concept Videos

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...

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Assay of Adhesion Under Shear Stress for the Study of T Lymphocyte-Adhesion Molecule Interactions
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Model system for cell adhesion mediated by weak carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.

Bärbel Lorenz1, Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos, Marieelen Oelkers

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Marine sponge carbohydrates mediate cell-cell adhesion through calcium-dependent interactions. Colloidal probe microscopy revealed the dynamic strength and energy landscape of these multivalent carbohydrate-carbohydrate bonds.

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Assay of Adhesion Under Shear Stress for the Study of T Lymphocyte-Adhesion Molecule Interactions
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Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface
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Published on: November 2, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Marine Biology
  • Carbohydrate Chemistry

Background:

  • Cell-cell adhesion is crucial for multicellular organisms.
  • Marine organisms, like sponges, utilize unique molecular interactions for adhesion.
  • Understanding carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions provides insights into biological adhesion mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multivalent carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions of membrane-anchored epitopes from Microciona prolifera.
  • To quantify the dynamic strength of homomeric self-association under varying conditions.
  • To model the energy landscape and bond participation in these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Colloidal probe microscopy was used to probe interactions.
  • In situ coupling of sulfated and non-sulfated disaccharides to membrane-coated surfaces.
  • Dynamic force measurements were performed as a function of calcium ion concentration and loading rate.
  • A deterministic model was applied to analyze the energy landscape.

Main Results:

  • The study characterized the calcium-dependent, multivalent carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.
  • Dynamic strength of homomeric self-association was measured.
  • The energy landscape and number of participating bonds were estimated using a deterministic model.

Conclusions:

  • Multivalent carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions play a significant role in cell-cell adhesion in marine organisms.
  • Calcium ions are critical modulators of these interactions.
  • The findings provide a quantitative understanding of the biophysical forces governing sponge cell adhesion.