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Updated: May 25, 2026

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization
Published on: October 3, 2025
Caipirini: using gene sets to rank literature
Theodoros G Soldatos1, Seán I O'Donoghue, Venkata P Satagopam
1Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany. sean@odonoghuelab.org.
The Caipirini service enables literature searches based on gene sets, improving bioscience literature discovery. This novel approach enhances understanding of biological mechanisms from high-throughput experiments.
Area of Science:
- Bioinformatics
- Genomics
- Literature Mining
Background:
- Keeping up with bioscience literature is challenging.
- Existing methods use 'interesting' and 'uninteresting' abstract sets for literature search.
- Novel methods are needed to manage the growing volume of scientific publications.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce Caipirini, a novel service for bioscience literature search.
- Enable literature ranking based on gene sets.
- Provide a new tool for researchers to explore gene-related information.
Main Methods:
- Developed the Caipirini service (http://caipirini.org).
- Implemented a system for ranking literature based on one or more gene sets.
- Utilized two input sets for relevance ranking.
Main Results:
- Caipirini achieved high precision in literature retrieval for test cases.
- Evaluated using human cell cycle and Arabidopsis thaliana disease defense mechanisms.
- Demonstrated effectiveness in finding literature relevant to biological mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Caipirini is the first service for literature search directly based on gene sets.
- Offers a novel approach to unlock knowledge from gene sets.
- Empowers researchers to discover hidden insights from high-throughput experimental data.
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