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Updated: May 25, 2026

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice
Published on: January 16, 2015
Improving the measurement of neighbourhood characteristics through systematic observation: inequalities in smoking as
Martine Shareck1, Clément Dassa, Katherine L Frohlich
1Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, 1420 Boul. Mont-Royal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Canada. martine.shareck@umontreal.ca
Abstract:
Systematic observation is increasingly used as a method to measure neighbourhood characteristics thought to influence health inequalities. This article reports on the theory-driven development of a new observation tool composed of reflective indicators of neighbourhood characteristics believed to influence inequalities in smoking. We also report the results of generalisability analyses conducted to estimate the reliability (inter-rater reliability and temporal stability) of the observation tool. We use the reliability results to reflect on the quality of the measures and on the theoretical anchors of the tool. We conclude by making recommendations to improve measures collected through systematic observation.
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