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Related Concept Videos

Van de Graaff Generator01:15

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
DC Battery01:21

DC Battery

A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts to flow if an electric field is created inside an isolated conductor that is not part of a full circuit. The conductor quickly develops a net positive charge at one end and a net negative charge at the other. These charges generate an electric field opposite the direction of the applied electric field, which reduces the current. Eventually,...
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Faraday Disk Dynamo01:23

Faraday Disk Dynamo

A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable01:31

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
10:17

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Published on: July 12, 2017

Toward an electrically pumped spaser.

Dmitry Yu Fedyanin1

  • 1Department of General Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia. feddu@mail.ru

Optics Letters
|February 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces surface plasmon polariton (SPP) amplification using electrical pumping, enabling compact on-chip waveguides. This method overcomes propagation length limitations for advanced optical interconnects and spaser devices.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) offer miniaturization for optical interconnects.
  • SPP propagation is currently limited to a few micrometers due to Joule heating losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an SPP amplification scheme for overcoming propagation length limitations.
  • To enable the design of compact on-chip waveguides using electrical pumping.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of designing electrically pumped spasers.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical demonstration of an SPP amplification scheme.
  • Utilizing compact electrical pumping for SPP propagation enhancement.

Main Results:

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  • Achieved SPP amplification overcoming intrinsic propagation limits.
  • Demonstrated the potential for designing highly compact on-chip waveguides.
  • Numerically validated the design of electrically pumped continuous-wave (cw) or pulsed spasers.
  • Conclusions:

    • The proposed SPP amplification scheme effectively extends SPP propagation.
    • This approach facilitates the development of miniaturized optical devices and on-chip waveguides.
    • The method is suitable for creating electrically driven spaser systems.