Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing the Use of Measured and Smoothed Data in Forecasting Visual Field Tests Using Deep Learning.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Glaucoma.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same author

Vis-OCT Explorer: an open-source software for visible-light optical coherence tomography data processing.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Modalities of vision restoration in optic neuropathies and retinal disease.

Progress in retinal and eye research·2026
Same author

Real and perceived barriers to effective use of cataract surgical supplies.

The journal of climate change and health·2026
Same author

Predicting Intraocular Pressure From Glaucoma Patients Receiving Medication Treatment Using Explainable Machine Learning.

BioMed research international·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy (TIRFM)
10:07

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy (TIRFM)

Published on: August 26, 2016

Multipotent stem cells from trabecular meshwork become phagocytic TM cells.

Yiqin Du1, Danny S Roh, Mary M Mann

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. duy@upmc.edu

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|February 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers isolated human trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) that are multipotent and can differentiate into functional TM cells, offering potential for new glaucoma therapies.

More Related Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regulation of Macrophage Phagocytosis; Quantitation and Imaging
09:10

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regulation of Macrophage Phagocytosis; Quantitation and Imaging

Published on: July 16, 2021

Production and Characterization of Human Macrophages from Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:05

Production and Characterization of Human Macrophages from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 16, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy (TIRFM)
10:07

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy (TIRFM)

Published on: August 26, 2016

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regulation of Macrophage Phagocytosis; Quantitation and Imaging
09:10

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regulation of Macrophage Phagocytosis; Quantitation and Imaging

Published on: July 16, 2021

Production and Characterization of Human Macrophages from Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:05

Production and Characterization of Human Macrophages from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The trabecular meshwork (TM) is crucial for maintaining intraocular pressure.
  • Dysfunction of TM cells is implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • Identifying and characterizing stem cells within the TM is essential for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize stem cells from human trabecular meshwork (TMSCs).
  • To investigate the differentiation potential of TMSCs into functional TM cells.
  • To explore TMSCs as a basis for novel glaucoma therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of TMSCs using side population cells (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) or clonal cultures.
  • Characterization of TMSCs via immunostaining, quantitative RT-PCR, and flow cytometry for stem cell and TM markers.
  • Assessment of TMSC multipotency through induced differentiation into neural cells, adipocytes, keratocytes, and TM cells.
  • Evaluation of differentiated TM cell function using phagocytic assays.

Main Results:

  • Isolated TMSCs expressed key stem cell markers (ABCG2, Notch1, OCT-3/4, AnkG, MUC1) but not mature TM markers.
  • Passaged TMSCs formed a homogeneous population (>95% positive for CD73, CD90, CD166, Bmi1).
  • TMSCs demonstrated multipotency, differentiating into neural, keratocyte, and adipocyte lineages.
  • TMSCs successfully differentiated into TM cells exhibiting phagocytic activity and expressing TM markers (AQP1, CHI3L1, TIMP3).

Conclusions:

  • Human trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) are identifiable, homogeneous, and multipotent.
  • TMSCs can differentiate into functional, phagocytic TM cells.
  • These findings support the potential of TMSC-based therapies for glaucoma treatment.