Renal complications in HIV disease: between present and future

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved HIV management but can cause long-term organ damage.
• Kidney damage is a significant concern in HIV patients, affecting a large percentage.
• HIV-associated renal disease is linked to disease progression and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology of renal damage in HIV patients.
• To explore the interaction of HIV and ART in kidney injury.
• To discuss clinical management and future perspectives of renal disease in HIV.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on HIV, antiretroviral drugs, and kidney function.
• Analysis of epidemiological data on renal abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals.
• Synthesis of information on clinical management and patient perspectives.

Main Results:

• Despite improved ART, long-term adverse effects including selective organ damage persist.
• Kidney damage results from a complex interplay of individual factors, HIV, and ART.
• Renal function abnormalities are prevalent in HIV patients and impact prognosis.

Conclusions:

• Kidney damage is a critical, multifactorial complication in HIV management.
• Effective monitoring and early clinical intervention are essential for managing renal disease.
• Further research and patient-centered approaches are needed to address renal complications in HIV.