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Updated: May 25, 2026
A Cell Culture Model for Studying the Role of Neuron-Glia Interactions in Ischemia
Published on: November 14, 2020
Different temporal patterns in the expressions of bone morphogenetic proteins and noggin during astroglial scar
Jin A Shin1, Jihee Lee Kang, Kyung-Eun Lee
1Department of Pharmacology, Ewha Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their antagonists have roles in scar formation and regeneration after central nervous system injuries. However, temporal changes in their expression during astroglial scar formation in the ischemic brain are unknown. Here, we examined protein levels of BMP2, BMP7, and their antagonist noggin in the ischemic brain up to 4 weeks after experimental stroke in mice. BMP2 and BMP7 levels were increased from 1 to 4 weeks in the ischemic brain, and their expression was associated with astrogliosis. BMP7 expression was more intense and co-localized in reactive astrocytes in the ischemic subcortex at 1 week. Noggin expression began to increase after 2 weeks and was further increased at 4 weeks only in the ischemic subcortex, but the intensity was weak compared to the intensity of BMPs. Noggin was co-localized mainly in activated microglia. These findings show that expression of BMPs and noggin differed over time, in intensity and in types of cell, and suggest that BMPs and noggin have different roles in the processes of glial scar formation and neurorestoration in the ischemic brain.
Insights
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and noggin show distinct temporal expression patterns after ischemic stroke. These proteins are involved in glial scar formation and potential neurorestoration in the injured brain.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cell Biology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their antagonists are implicated in central nervous system (CNS) injury responses.
- The dynamic expression of BMPs and antagonists during astroglial scar formation in ischemic brains remains poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the temporal protein expression profiles of BMP2, BMP7, and noggin in the ischemic brain.
- To correlate BMP and noggin expression with astrogliosis and cellular changes post-stroke.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative analysis of BMP2, BMP7, and noggin protein levels in mouse ischemic brain tissue up to 4 weeks post-stroke.
- Immunohistochemical co-localization studies to identify expressing cell types (astrocytes, microglia).
Main Results:
- BMP2 and BMP7 levels increased from 1 to 4 weeks post-ischemia, correlating with astrogliosis.
- BMP7 showed intense co-localization with reactive astrocytes early (1 week), while noggin expression increased later (2-4 weeks) in the ischemic subcortex, primarily in microglia.
- Noggin expression intensity was notably weaker than BMPs.
Conclusions:
- BMPs and noggin exhibit differential temporal expression, intensity, and cellular localization during glial scar formation after ischemic stroke.
- These distinct patterns suggest unique roles for BMPs and noggin in glial scar development and potential neurorestoration processes.
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