Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

EFFICACY OF NASAL IRRIGATION WITH ISOTONIC AND HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS AFTER ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY FOR CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS.

Acta clinica Croatica·2025
Same author

Ceftriaxone-loaded albumin-based nanoparticles incorporated into in situ ionic sensitive nasal gels: Development, characterization, and nasal drug deposition studies.

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V·2025
Same author

Salivary Cortisol Concentration Is an Objective Measure of the Physiological Response to Loud Music.

Audiology research·2024
Same author

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SYMPTOM SEVERITY AND INTENSITY OF ACUTE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINITIS AND CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS.

Acta clinica Croatica·2024
Same author

In situ hydrogel containing diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DZP-NLC) for nose-to-brain delivery: development, characterization and deposition studies in a 3D-printed human nasal cavity model.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2023
Same author

Chitosan-Based Thermogelling System for Nose-to-Brain Donepezil Delivery: Optimising Formulation Properties and Nasal Deposition Profile.

Pharmaceutics·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

Management of Smell Dysfunction.

Livije Kalogjera1, Davor Dzepina

  • 1Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre, "Sestre Milosrdnice", Vinogradska 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia, kalogjera@sfzg.hr.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|February 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Smell disorders impact quality of life, often caused by aging, infections, or sinonasal disease. While treatments exist for some causes, effective solutions for widespread olfactory impairment remain a significant unmet need.

More Related Videos

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
06:40

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
07:33

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Published on: July 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
06:40

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
07:33

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Published on: July 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Olfactory science
  • Chemosensory systems
  • Human sensory perception

Background:

  • Olfaction is a vital chemosensory system, crucial for survival and quality of life.
  • Smell disorders, affecting reduced or distorted perception, significantly impact daily living.
  • Common causes include aging, upper respiratory infections, sinonasal disease, and head trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, impacts, and current treatment strategies for olfactory dysfunction.
  • To highlight the unmet needs in managing smell loss.
  • To discuss the efficacy of treatments for sinonasal disease-related olfactory impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of olfactory dysfunction causes and treatments.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for various olfactory disorders.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic approaches including medication and surgery.

Main Results:

  • Smell disorders significantly affect quality of life, with common causes including aging, infections, and sinonasal disease.
  • Nasal obstruction and sinonasal inflammatory disease show the best treatment response.
  • Treatments like steroids and surgery are used for sinonasal disease, but recovery is often incomplete.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction has a profound impact on quality of life.
  • While treatments exist for specific causes like sinonasal disease, adequate management for widespread smell loss remains a challenge.
  • Further research and development are needed to address the unmet needs in treating olfactory impairment.