Digital microfluidic high-throughput printing of single metal-organic framework crystals

The first microfluidic method for accurately depositing monodisperse single MOF crystals is presented, enabling unprecedented high-throughput, yet flexible single-crystal printing. Individual droplets of MOF precursor solutions are actuated over a matrix of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic micropatterns for the controlled generation of femtoliter droplets. As such, thousands of monodisperse single MOF crystals are printed per second in a desired pattern, without the use of impractically expensive equipment.