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Updated: May 25, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Influences of the insertion method in glass ionomer cement porosity
Margareth Da Mata1, Lourdes Santos-Pinto, Angela Cristina Cilense Zuanon
1Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
Unlabelled:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of porosities inside the glass ionomer cement (GIC) after different techniques of material insertion.
Material And Method:
Specimens were prepared with high-viscosity GIC Ketac Molar Easymix and divided into three groups according to the insertion method: spatula (PI), Centrix injector (CI), and low-cost syringe (LCS). The specimens were fractured and observed with scanning electronic microscopy to quantitatively evaluate porosity inside the material using Image J Software.
Results:
Statistical analysis, ANOVA application, and Tukey test to significance level of 5%, revealed that there was no statistical difference between the groups.
Conclusion:
Although the use of LCS has not decreased the porosity of the material, this insertion method is easy, accessible, and low cost, which makes it a viable alternative of use in the ART technique and in others bucal health programs.
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