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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice
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Arthritis and mast cell activation.

J M Mican1, D D Metcalfe

  • 1Mast Cell Physiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Mast cells play a key role in rheumatic diseases and fibrotic conditions like scleroderma. Understanding their function in inflammation and fibrosis could lead to new treatments for these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mast cells are increasingly recognized for their role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases.
  • Elevated mast cell numbers are observed in the synovial tissue and fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritides.
  • Mast cells are implicated in fibrotic conditions, including scleroderma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the significance of mast cells in the development of rheumatic diseases and fibrotic processes.
  • To understand how mast cell activation and mediator release contribute to joint inflammation.
  • To investigate the impact of mast cells on endothelial cells and fibroblasts in fibrotic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mast cell involvement in inflammatory arthritides and fibrotic conditions.

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Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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  • Analysis of mast cell activation by substances in inflammatory synovial fluid.
  • Examination of mast cell-derived cytokines and growth factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Activated mast cells release mediators that amplify joint inflammation.
    • Mast cells produce cytokines and growth factors influencing inflammatory cell infiltration.
    • Mast cells affect endothelial cell and fibroblast function in fibrotic conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Mast cells are significant contributors to the inflammatory processes in rheumatic diseases.
    • Mast cell involvement is crucial in fibrotic conditions like scleroderma.
    • A deeper understanding of mast cell functions may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.