Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026
06:06
Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
Published on: September 11, 2020
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in western Nepal
Joshy Maducolil Easow1, Noyal Mariya Joseph, Pathiyil Ravi Shankar
1Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, India. dr.jmeasow@gmail.com
The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|February 4, 2012
Summary
Antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is a growing concern, particularly penicillin resistance, which increased during the study period. Judicious use of antibiotics like beta-lactams and macrolides is crucial to control resistant strains.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Pharmacy
Background:
- Antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae poses a significant global health threat.
- Monitoring resistance patterns is essential for effective treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and trends of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- To investigate co-resistance patterns among resistant isolates.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 312 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected between January 2000 and August 2007.
- Standard bacteriological identification methods.
- Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and agar dilution methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Main Results:
- Overall antibiotic resistance declined, except for penicillin, which showed an increasing trend (5% to higher).
- High resistance rates observed for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (34.3%) and tetracycline (11.1%).
- Penicillin-resistant isolates frequently exhibited co-resistance to erythromycin.
Conclusions:
- Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing, necessitating urgent attention.
- Co-resistance patterns highlight the complexity of managing resistant infections.
- Advocating for judicious use of beta-lactams and macrolides is recommended to curb resistance development.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:14Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
01:26Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following: