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Experimental soybean meal intoxication in cattle.

D Raboisson¹, A Ferrières, M C Nicot

¹Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31076, Toulouse, Cedex 3, France. d.raboisson@envt.fr

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

|February 4, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Soybean meal (SBM) intoxication in cattle involves two phases: initial ruminal changes followed by severe ammonia accumulation in blood, leading to metabolic alkalosis and nervous signs. Treatment may resemble urea intoxication protocols.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Animal Nutrition
Toxicology

Background:

Soybean meal (SBM) is a common cattle feed, but accidental intoxication can occur.
Understanding SBM toxicity is crucial for livestock health management.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the biological and clinical characteristics of soybean meal intoxication in cattle.
To define the pathogenic course and identify key indicators of SBM toxicity.

Main Methods:

A controlled experimental trial involving four steers with ruminal cannulas.
Administration of soybean meal at 1% and 2% of body weight via cannula at 2-month intervals.

Main Results:

A two-phase pathogenic course was observed for 2% body weight SBM intoxication.
Phase 1 (0-10 hours): ruminal volatile fatty acid overproduction and moderate ammonia. Phase 2 (12-22 hours): significant blood ammonia accumulation, metabolic alkalosis, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia.
Clinical signs, primarily nervous, correlated with increased plasma ammonia; 1% BW SBM caused milder effects without clinical signs.

Conclusions:

Blood ammonia accumulation results from sustained production, reduced fermentation, and overwhelmed hepatic detoxification.
Clinical signs are linked to ammonia levels, suggesting similar treatments to urea intoxication (e.g., rumenotomy, cold water/vinegar administration).
Monitoring ruminal pH is recommended for diagnosing and managing SBM intoxication.