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Updated: May 25, 2026

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
Published on: May 20, 2016
Nasal drug delivery - recent developments and future prospects
1IDentity, 19 Cavendish Crescent North, The Park, Nottingham NG7 1BA, UK. Lisbeth.illum@illumdavis.com
This review highlights advanced absorption promoters for nasal drug delivery, focusing on systems for small molecules, peptides, and proteins. Key commercial developments include CPE-215, Intravail, ChiSys, PecSys, and CriticalSorb.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Nasal drug delivery offers a non-invasive route for systemic administration of various therapeutics.
- Challenges in nasal absorption for small molecules, peptides, and proteins necessitate advanced delivery systems.
- Commercial development is progressing for novel absorption promoters and modulators.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent commercial developments in absorption promoters and modulators for nasal drug delivery.
- To discuss systems with promising preclinical/clinical data and sufficient toxicology for market entry.
- To highlight specific technologies from companies like CPEX Pharma, Aegis Therapeutics, Archimedes Pharma, and Critical Pharmaceuticals.
Main Methods:
- Review of commercially developed absorption promoter systems for nasal drug delivery.
- Selection based on preclinical/clinical data, toxicology, and company development status.
- Focus on systems targeting small molecular weight drugs and biologicals (peptides, proteins).
Main Results:
- CPE-215 (cyclopenta decalactone (azone)) by CPEX Pharma.
- Intravail (alkylsaccharides) by Aegis Therapeutics.
- ChiSys (chitosan) and PecSys (low methylated pectin) by Archimedes Pharma.
- CriticalSorb (polyglycol mono- and diesters of 12-hydroxystearate/polyethylene glycol) by Critical Pharmaceuticals.
Conclusions:
- Several promising absorption promoter systems are nearing commercialization for nasal drug delivery.
- These technologies aim to enhance the delivery of both small molecules and biologics.
- Continued development and clinical validation are crucial for market success.
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